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Improvements In Medical Knowledge Have Been Occuring For Considerably Longer Than You Probably Think. Hundreds Of Years Of Research Have Created The Treatments We Enjoy Today.

Over several millennia, illnesses and medical issues have attracted the curiosity of many individuals folk seeking to find a cure or treatment for most types of physical complaint. We should think of ourselves as fortunate that we live in an era when almost all health concerns are well understood and are generally treatable or curable.

The concept of medicine has been developing for many centuries. The ancient civilisations of China, Greece, Rome, Egypt and India all had a certain quality of understanding of some groups of ailments and diseases by attempting firstly to locate the cause of the problem and secondly to invent a way of at least relieving the symptoms, if not identifying a permanent cure.

We should undoubtedly be grateful that these ancient civilisations were as wise as they were that many centuries ago, when just five hundred years ago, so-called ‘Western civilisation’ was still treating with loathing many of those who could apparently cure illnesses. We called them witches and chose to burn them to death.

Because medicine is an enormous topic to tackle, let’s focus on one area in particular to see how the treatments we utilise today have changed since ancient times. Let’s look at Ophthalmology – the care and treatment of the eyes.

Surprisingly cataracts and glaucoma were known eye complaints in ancient times and surgery could be undertaken on them. It is known that an Indian called Sushurata, (also known as the ‘Father Of Surgery’ due to his amazing work in the field) was the first person to carry out documented surgery on a cataract a very long time ago in 800BCE. The Greeks were also utilising a similar surgical procedure (called ‘couching’) by the 5th Century BCE, which was performed using metal instruments.

By the 1st Century CE, the Greeks were also relying on herbs from India to help cure eye infections including conjunctivitis, and we must assume that the healing plants had been used successfully in Asia for some considerable time prior to that for their reputation as a cure to have spread extensively enough to lead to them be imported into the next continent.

We know that both the Chinese and Romans were aware of the qualities of shaped glass for enhancing the clarity of an object, although history had to wait until the 13th Century before proper spectacles as we understand them were created in Italy.

Throughout the following hundreds of years, the ancient ‘couching’ treatment of cataracts was still the only cure. This basically was achieved by pushing the damaged area of the lens to one side of the eye. However, in the early 1700’s a number of learned men realised that it might be possible to remove the affected lens altogether and in 1747 a Frenchman named Jacques Daviel undertook the first cataract extraction. In common with most medical advances, it took years before the new process was adopted and considered as the first choice for such an ailment.

Whilst we generally associate the Industrial Revolution with big machinery and huge factories, it must be remembered that the advances in manufacturing methods also enabled much more precise and delicate instruments than ever before to be created, and having better tools for the job inevitably led to more rapid and inventive advances in surgery than ever before. And apart from the metal tools and equipment, in the second half of the 20th century, new processes in science introduced comfortable and safe plastic contact lenses to replace potentially dangerous glass ones.

But in the last half century, even precision metal instruments have become the second option for many eye complaints, as Laser eye surgery has been developed for simple corrective procedures. Laser eye treatments are already available for long and short-sightedness and astigmatism and are being trialled for use on cataracts.

Nowadays, technology and science are advancing more quickly than they ever have before and it must logically only be a matter of time before other Laser eye treatments are invented for more complicated or less understood conditions. One day, we may actually reach the point when all ophthalmic complaints can be treated with Laser eye surgery. Or indeed, be treated by whatever scientific inventions may replace it in the years to come.

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